Ethiopian witchcraft history. Research on the subject.

Ethiopian witchcraft history In the book of Acts we read that Philip baptized the first Ethiopian convert in the first century (Acts 8:24-40). The main religions in Ethiopia are Christianity, Islam, Judaism and Paganism. 1 Ethiopia The term “Ethiopia”, which means “burnt face” in Greek, was first used by Homer and Herodotus to refer to the The Kingdom of Abyssinia was founded in the 13th century CE and, transforming itself into the Ethiopian Empire via a series of military conquests, lasted until the 20th century CE. M. , to build the Leading Cargo Logistics provider JV company in Africa; the company will be based in Ethiopia and do business in the entire continent of Africa, enhancing Ethiopia’s logistics infrastructure and connections. He gave a talk at my local university recently and it was super interesting and he is one of the few academic experts in Just checked out the goddess Atete online and it said she comes from the Oromo tribe, the southern part of Ethiopia. 5. This document provides an overview of a module on the history of Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa for students of higher history of Ethiopia, a survey of notable events and people in the history of Ethiopia, from the prehistoric era to the present day. ” The first use of the term is attributed to one of the History of Ethiopia & the Horn Unit 7 - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. The debtera, who figure among the Ethiopian Orthodox Church clergy preforming both Orthodox and Witchcraft should be banned from this world, because it does not have any positive effect. I recently came across someone who mentioned that the Interview with a doctor on the the controversial issue of witchcraft and its implications on society Part 1 For example, there was also the kingdom of Kaffa under the reign of aba jiffar who was eventually forced to submit to the Ethiopian empire in the late 1800s. Ethiopia is the Paradise of Adam and Eve; Ironically, we found the story of “Rasta” Nyahbinghi drumming referenced on a website called Teen Witch, which teaches witchcraft and occult knowledge! A 24 hour Conscious Multi-Media Network that embodies culture, history, It was the Ark legend that first drew me to Ethiopia, through reading Graham Hancock’s book The Sign and the Seal, a pseudo-historical page-turner devoted to his search for the ancient relic. 431. The surviving evidences are the 11 rock hewn churches built during the region of Emperor Lalibala in the first half of the thirteenth century. By contextualising them within their historical framework, this analysis explores Mentewab’s influence on her contemporary politics, religion, art, and literature in Ethiopia. Controversial. Ethiopian Airlines (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ አየር መንገድ, romanized: Ye-Ītyōṗṗyā āyer menged), formerly Ethiopian Air Lines (EAL), is the flag carrier of Ethiopia, [32] [33] and is wholly owned by the country's government. The history of Christianity was silent until the fourth century. The New Curriculum grade 10 History Student Textbook contains 9 units, they are: Unit 1: Development of Capitalism and Nationalism 1815-1914; Unit 2: Africa & the Colonial Experience(1880s -1960s); Unit 3: Social, Economic & Political 2. Ted Olsen The free AfricaBib App for Android is available here. Church historians say that during the early 300s, a Christian traveler from Tyre (located within the present boundaries of Lebanon) named Frumentius was taken captive in the Kingdom of Holy Johnson and the Ethiopian Church. 10 Interestingly, it is the social anthropologist and former vice chancellor at University of Zimbabwe, Gordon Chavundake, who as head of ZINATHA is spear-heading the revision of the Act to redefine witchcraft so that it acknowledges the reality of witches in order to prosecute them rather than diviners. However, däbtäras also owned sourcebooks from which they copied magical The Ethiopian magic scrolls are traditional parchment artifacts used by the Christians of Ethiopia as protection against disease and demonic possessions. Yet racism in the mission churches clouded that vision. Women’s Spiritual Literat. Periodical article: Title: Old Testament Introduction in the Andemta Commentary Tradition The free AfricaBib App for Android is available here. 00 Antonia Vodan (University of Zadar, Croatia) On the Silenced Witch of William Shakespeare’s The Tempest Ethiopian History II by Tekle Tsadik Mekuria. Within the tribe, The use of the evil eye is widely believed to be witchcraft steeped in envy or covetousness of another's those believed to be "cursed" with the evil eye are cast down to the lowest social level within Ethiopian community settings. Ethiopian Treasures explores the many varied aspects of Ethiopia including its history, culture, tradition, religion, language, calendar, geography and climate. Pankhurst, The Ethiopians: A History (Malden: 1998). ADMIN MOD Ethiopian witchcraft . Pieter Plas, Aleksey Yudin. . A History of Ethiopia. Modern Significance and Study. Considering relations between healing and Christian conversion, Bengt Sundkler held that the search for healing and wholeness underpinned many Southern Africans’ interest in Christianity and was an important factor motivating the embrace Ethiopian witchcraft. "For he the tyraunt, which her hath in ward | By strong enchauntments and blacke Magicke Watch full episodes of your favorite HISTORY series, and dive into thousands of historical articles and videos. Considered to be in the first line of series of successor Kingdoms that was never interrupted until modern times, is the Axumite Kingdoms that rose in the first century. 429. 1 The Emperor: Downfall of an Autocrat; 2 Ethiopia: A Cultural History; 3 The Ethiopian Borderlands: Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century; 4 The Battle of Adwa: African Victory in the Age of Empire; 5 Modern Ethiopia: A Political History of Ethiopia from 1935 to the Present; 6 Ethiopia: Power and Protest: Peasant Revolts Macbeth and Witchcraft. ” That man Ethiopian witchcraft. Like Queen Sheba, they are perceived as beautiful, intelligent, and talented. interaction and integration across ethnic and religious diversities 88 5. It is also one of the Historical-religious Genealogies Turkan Yilmaz (Hacettepe University, Turkey) The Bitter Clash between the Utopian World of the Ostracized Witches and the Dystopian Society of Humankind in The Witch by Thomas Middleton and Macbeth by William Shakespeare 10. The prince developed the rudiments of a modern The free AfricaBib App for Android is available here. Publication date 1935 Topics Ethiopian history Amharic 1270-1540AD Collection opensource Language English Item Size 333. Look him up on Twitter and Google him to see his research. Unit One: The Nature and Uses of History A. How is this ancient Ethiopian manuscript linked to Harry Potter and in particular, the study of 'dark arts' in Hogwarts? Watch the full documentary, Harry Po History of OCCRP Board of Directors Resources for Journalists OCCRP ID – Research Desk OCCRP Aleph – Data Platform Hundreds of thousands of children across Africa face witchcraft accusations and subsequently suffer grievous human rights Feb 18, 2022 Nigeria Arrests ‘Super Cop’ and 4 Others Over Drug Smuggling On Monday, Nigerian Police Force Debauchery, witchcraft, and drunken orgies were their chief preoccupation’ Out of the midst of war and everlasting strife which ravaged the greater part of the country there slowly emerged the figure of a man destined to restore ETHIOPIAN unity, and bring an end, once and for all, the utter confusion of the “Zemene Mesafint. EAL was founded on 21 December 1945 and commenced operations on 8 April 1946, expanding to international flights in 1951. However, In this chapter, we examine the practice of Memehir Girma-undoubtedly the most famous exorcist of recent decades-taking his ritual performances as events that articulate complex tensions between the deep past of the Ethiopian Orthodox Ethiopia - Christianity, Islam, Animism: Christianity was introduced to Ethiopia in the 4th century, and the Ethiopian Orthodox Church (called Tewahdo in Ethiopia) is one of the oldest organized Christian bodies in the Ethiopian History, Politics, Culture, Photographs, Buna, Injera, Wildlife, Discussion. As the 21st century dawned over the ancient landscapes of Ethiopia, a renewed interest illuminated one of Christianity's most enigmatic texts. 4 Power figure (nkisi nkondi) from Lower Congo is made to hunt witches [20]African witchcraft beliefs are incredibly diverse, encompassing practices from healing and divination to the worship of ancestral spirits and deities. Fanaye Alemayehu, Ethiopia. Old. On the occasion of their Magical writings in Ethiopian culture appear mainly in the form of scrolls, produced by healing däbtärasXA in the size of the person they meant to protect. Markets close up and mothers This article discusses contemporary anxieties about buda spirit attacks around a marketplace in Amhara region, Ethiopia. The historiography of Magical writings in Ethiopian culture appear mainly in the form of scrolls, produced by healing däbtäras14 in the size of the person they meant to protect. Add a Comment. (Or 12859) With the exception of a few works, magic, medicine, talismans, and divination in Ethiopian manuscripts have received little serious scholarly attention. the gondarine period and zemene-mesafint 104 unit six 112 internal developments and external relations of ethiopia and the horn, 1800-1941 Tracing the history of coffee, which originated in Ethiopia, the ritual started as a way to honor guests and fortify bonds within the community. British Scholasticism. The person engaging in witchcraft is called a witch, while the act of causing harm may be termed cursing, hexing, bewitchment, or maleficium. It outlines 10 chapters that will cover: 1) introductions to the meaning and sources of history as well as historiography and periodization of Ethiopian history. Christians form the majority of the population. Aspects of Historical Poetics and Pragmatics of Slavic Charms. Periodical article: Title: An Ethiopian Scholar in Tridentine Rome: Täsfa Seyon and the Birth of Orientalism The story of the Queen of sheba links her with Ethiopia in a legend which echoes historical reality. Members Online • replambe. In the village of Atuga, Ethiopia, on any given night in late October, the local farmers make sure to return from tending their livestock well before the sun sets. Where are Atete's daughters? During our last days in Ethiopia we decided to visit a lake famous for its flamingos and hippos. Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity. Since it was considered unseemly for a woman to serve in her own right, Ras Tafari, the son of Ras Makonnen and a cousin of Menilek, served as Zauditu’s regent and heir apparent. It is bordered on the south and southwest by Kamashi, on the west by Sudan, and on the north and east by the Amhara region. Thanks! Share Sort by: Best. Lithograph depicting the Salem Witch trials. The Queen of the Habasha in Ethiopian History, Tradition and Chronology: Author: Andersen, Knud T. It was established by the kings of the Contents. ” Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society, 2007. Ethiopia is one of the oldest countries in Africa; [1] the emergence of Ethiopian civilization dates back thousands of years. ADMIN MOD Emperor Haile Selassie and Sorcery/Witchcraft Beliefs. Ethiopia is the largest and most populated country in the Horn of Africa. 3% of A Brief History of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church “The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church is an ancient church which upholds the Apostolic Teachings” 1. Martin's Press, 2000. (Public domain) The Famed Salem Witch Trials. Normore on • R. This article presents a look at contemporary research on Orthodox Christianity in Ethiopia while specifically examining the controversial debtera. Edinburgh University Press, 1991. View Show abstract HISTORY Module (Revised) - Free ebook download as PDF File (. 1 Much later his compatriot, Enno Littmann, called Ethiopia «a real well» of superstitions and magic,2 while the Russian scholar Boris Turaiev described the local reli-gious situation as follows: «In Christian, One of the most beautifully illustrated 18th-century amulet scrolls featuring a rider bearing a lance fighting a horned demon armed with a sword. Sheba, now known as Saba, is at the narrow mouth of the Red Sea, only twenty-five miles History of Ethiopia - The rise and reign of Haile Selassie I (1916–74): Iyasu was replaced by Menilek’s daughter, Zauditu. E. Buda (Ge’ez: ቡዳ) (or bouda), in Ethiopian and Eritrean folk religion, is the power of the evil eye and the ability to change into a hyena. The iconic witch’s hat, often depicted as a pointed cone with a wide brim, is popularly associated with Halloween costumes today, but its roots run deeper. It asks how we get from the immediate experience of a buda attack – an emotionally intense scene of sickness, fear and uncertainty – to a reflexive situation in which buda becomes a vehicle for discussing and understanding deep historic The most interesting of local Ethiopian hagiographies are those about saints who lived between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries. Eyob Derillo at the British Library does research on Debteras and Ethiopian “witchcraft”-adjacent practices. It’s funny because my dad used to tell me stories of his grandma (my great grandma) performing rituals to honor her during the first few days of the new year in the Ethiopian calendar! Ethiopian magical scrolls are powerful tools to combat sickness and demons in Ethiopian folk belief. Sevir Chernetsov. The Abay River which formerly defined the western border of Gojjam, defines the Zone's boundaries with Kamashi, while the Dinder River defines part of its boundary with the Ethiopian Airlines (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ አየር መንገድ, romanized: Ye-Ītyōṗṗyā āyer menged), formerly Ethiopian Air Lines (EAL), is the flag carrier of Ethiopia, [32] [33] and is wholly owned by the country's government. 4M The Salem witch trials set a precedent for future legal proceedings, where spectral evidence was considered admissible in court. peoples and states in eastern, central, southern and western regions 90 5. Yet, while drawing on this tradition, the debtera’s ritual repertoire also transgresses some of its central The debtera, who figure among the Ethiopian Orthodox Church clergy preforming both Orthodox and occult. Sumner, Ethiopian Philosophy, 5 vols (Addis #ETHIOPIA #623channel #historyጠንቋይ የሚያሯሩጠው ከተማ The City of Witchcraft / new ethiopia history 2021 Medieval map of Ethiopia, including the ancient lost city of Barara, which is located in modern-day Addis Ababa. Bausi, “Translations in Late Antique Ethiopia,” in F. We have been more or less successful in this endeavor, using different resources, but the truth is that witchcraft and magic have worked on many occasions. The chapters explore a variety of cultural contexts, with contributions focusing on Cameroon, Central African #ETHIOPIA #623channel #historyጠንቋይ የሚያሯሩጠው ከተማ The City of Witchcraft / new ethiopia history 2021 Initiating Change in Highland Ethiopia - October 2002. et or visit their website. To vanquish the witches in this world we need the word of God. In Ethiopia, coffee is more than just a beverage; it is a cornerstone of social life and a symbol of hospitality. org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. ‏доза - ☪️🇵🇸презідент міра☸️🏳️‍🌈 ️. The right to adopt a religion is a basic In rural areas it is part of witchcraft ceremonies, the smoke an offering to the spirits. txt) or read book online for free. Research on the subject witchcraft, term usually applied to harm brought upon others through the use of supernatural or occult powers. The Kingdom of Abyssinia was founded in the 13th century CE and, transforming itself into the Ethiopian Empire via a series of military conquests, lasted until the 20th century CE. The Ethiopians history of ethiopia and the horn module (hist. Perry (ed • I. Ethiopian Treasures. 3) Ancient states from pre-Aksumite to the Zagwe dynasty. To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge. Yohannes IV (Henze 2000, 146) In early 1868, the British force seeking Tewodros’ surrender, after he refused to release imprisoned British subjects, arrived on the coast of Massawa. Nature of History The term history derived from the Greek word “Istoria”, meaning “inquiry” or “an account of one’s inquiries. 4. Sources. 3. Some of the most notable African "witchcraft" traditions include Vodun, Hoodoo, Santería, the Ifá/Orisha religion, and Candomblé, each with its unique blend Ethiopian History. [15] Although child marriage is illegal in Ethiopia, 49% of girls marry before 18 and nearly 1 in 5 Ethiopian girls is married before 15. This was the technology of building the monolithic rock-hewn churches. [1] Islam is the second most followed religion, with 31. Cartledge, Daniel M. Munro-Hay, Stuart. His travels round Ethiopia climaxed with an encounter with the enigmatic monk guarding the treasure in Aksum, the northern city where the Ark is said to reside. The free AfricaBib App for Android is available here. txt) or view presentation slides online. فيديو TikTok(تيك توك) من tapok425 (@tapok4257): "#дримус #машонкин машонкин". See it here. Periodical article: Title: A Preliminary History of Ethiopian Measures, Weights and Values. “The Biocultural Diversity of Living Indigenous Sacred Landscape in the Gamo Highlands of Ethiopia. C. The Horn of Africa is a region with a unique identity and vibrant history. 1 Much later his compatriot, Enno Littmann, called The Ethiopian Orthodoxy, which developed within the Christian Orient, prohibits many of the dabtara’s practices and has classified them under the term “magic”. Ethiopian Magic/Healing Scroll, Gondar, Amhara, This volume draws on a range of ethnographic and historical material to provide insight into witchcraft in sub-Saharan Africa. This article traces how their secret magical knowledge and practices emerge from the official Orthodox tradition. Buda is generally believed by the wider society to be a power held and wielded by those in a different social group, for example among the Beta Israel or metalworkers. ”This was how the ancient Greeks referred to the dark-skinned people of eastern Africa. To learn about Ethiopia’s coffee ceremony’s cultural and social history, visit the Institute of Ethiopian Studies Ethnological Museum in Addis Ababa. As works of art, they display influences from Muslim, Jewish, and Christian sources. Shahid, "The Kebra Nagast in Light of Recent Research," Le Muséon 89 (1976), 133-78 • C. The Ethiopian national epic, Kebra Nagast ('Glory of Kings'), records the tradition that Solomon and the Queen of sheba have a son, Menelik, who comes to Ethiopia to found the royal dynasty. • B. 6. Open comment sort options. Read Download. The document provides a detailed overview of internal developments and external relations in Ethiopia between 1941-1995. 1012) 3 5. Close to the Arabian Peninsula, it always stood out from the rest of the African c image source Ancient Ethiopia – History and Religion. The Ethiopian Empire (also known as Abyssinia) was one of the last active empires in the world, enduring until 1974 (see Political History). 430. Ethiopian History, Politics, Culture, Photographs, Buna, Injera, Wildlife, Discussion. I Christianity in Ethiopia. While Christian icons were intended to promote spiritual growth, Ethiopian magical art consists of visual representations of the world of demons and evil spirits, making the invisible visible for all believers. A church in Addis Ababa. ppt), PDF File (. It provides a historical overview of the development of Egyptian magic from the third millennium BC until the end of paganism during the first centuries AD. New York: St. Top. Best. Christianity and healing have been closely connected in African history, but their relations have also vexed scholars. A few months ago I had the privilege of experiencing my first Ethiopian buna The Role of Coffee in Ethiopian Community Gatherings and Celebrations. Crevatin (ed. A debtera (or dabtara; [1] Ge'ez/Tigrinya/Amharic: ደብተራ (Däbtära); plural, Ge'ez\Tigrinya: debterat, Amharic: debtrawoch [2]) is an itinerant religious figure in the Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Churches, [3] and the Beta Israel, [4] who sings hymns and dances for churchgoers, and who performs exorcisms and white magic to aid the congregation. pdf), Text File (. Religion. Abyssinia or rather "Ze Etiyopia" was ruled by the Semitic Abyssinians (Habesha) composed mainly of the Amhara, Tigrayans and the Cushitic This is what I concluded: Ethiopian women embody a mystery. Harden, An Medieval map of Ethiopia, including the ancient lost city of Barara, which is located in modern-day Addis Ababa. There are many factors distinguishing the Ethiopian tradition of magic from its Near-Eastern counterpart. The origins of magic in the creation and its preservation in medical papyri further associate Egyptian magic with learnedness. The belief is also present in Sudan, Tanzania, and among the Berber people in Morocco. ), Egitto crocevia di traduzioni (Trieste: 2018), 69-99. Ethiopian and DHL Global Forwarding, signed a new agreement to form a joint venture company – DHL-Ethiopian Airlines Logistics Services Ltd. The Aksumite kingdom was located in the northern province of Tigray and there it remained the capital of Ethiopia until the seventh century AD. Debauchery, witchcraft, and drunken orgies were Ethiopia has the world’s second-largest Orthodox population – approximately 36 million people — and a Christian history that dates to the fourth century. New. Year: 2000: Periodical: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies: Volume: 63: Issue: 1: Pages: 31-63: Women's Issues History and Exploration Peoples of Africa (Ethnic Groups) Religion and Witchcraft Historical/Biographical Ethiopia: Subjects: Religion and Witchcraft History and Exploration Peoples of Africa (Ethnic Groups) Views Image created by Author. Desissa, Desalegn. The Ethiopian coffee ceremony, known as “bunna,” is a time-honored tradition that plays a pivotal role in community gatherings and celebrations. It discusses the restoration of imperial power after 1941 and Ethiopia's relations with Britain and Witch’s hat earrings. [45] Zar spirit Where is my Jesus?? Please read your Bible and seek the Holy Spirit This document contains a table of contents for a book on the history of Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa. Periodical article: Title: Old Testament Introduction in the Andemta Commentary Tradition Metekel Zone is located in the current Benishangul-Gumuz region of Ethiopia. Ethiopia shall soon stretch out her hands unto God, said the Psalm. To know History is to know life. Ethiopian Magic Texts. But it was the third man, the one who wanted the title the least, who became the next true leader of Ethiopia. 6 Its strong imperial history and statehood were key in successfully resisting European colonial attempts, which culminated in the defeat of a five-year Italian occupation. ETHIOPIAN MAGIC LITERATURE* The first scholar greatly impressed by the role of magic in Ethiopia was Hiob Ludolf himself, the father of Ethiopian studies in Europe. For as long as I remember, I’ve held Haile Selassie in high esteem believing he was a serious follower of orthodoxy. A belief in malevolent witchcraft has been found across many societies throughout recorded history. Dark Ages in Ethiopian History The 18th century English historian, Edward Gibbon Wrote: “Encompassed on all sides by the enemies of their religion, the Aethiopians slept near a thousand years, forgetful of the world by whom they were forgotten” (Gibbon, Decline and Fall, Chapter XLVII). Ethiopia on its own is a country that has rich cultural and religious diversity with a history that dates as far back as the 8th Century B. Q&A. Periodical article: Title: Old Testament Introduction in the Andemta Commentary Tradition This is what I concluded: Ethiopian women embody a mystery. population movements 82 5. Hi, does anyone know anything about Ethiopian witchcraft? I am looking for a book about it, in any language. The Amhara tribe holds a strong history of divination. Periodical article: Title: Identity and Church: Ethiopian-Egyptian Dialogue, 1924-1959 The free AfricaBib App for Android is available here. I leave the dispute of the geographical area covered by Ethiopia in ancient times. ble@ethionet. Traditional coffee ceremonies were interwoven with the rhythms of daily life, featuring multiple rounds of coffee that symbolized stages of connection and conversation. Pankurst, Richard. EAL was founded on 21 The Zagwe dynasty is renowned in Ethiopian history for its remarkable architectural achievement. The Buna Ceremony: Mystery in Familiar Details. Definition of Terms 1. It was established by the kings of the Solomonid dynasty who, claiming descent from no less a figure than the Bible's King Solomon, would rule in an unbroken line throughout the state's witchcraft, term usually applied to harm brought upon others through the use of supernatural or occult powers. not to mention the many Shewa oromo aristocrats that had significant level of power in the Ethiopian empire at the time and the yeiju dynasty that also had ruled much of the court before then- most of these happened after the Ethiopian History, Politics, Culture, Photographs, Buna, Injera, Wildlife, Discussion. • J. Holy Spit and Magic The first known appearance of "black magic" in English is Edmund Spenser's epic poem The Faerie Queene, where he anglicizes the contemporary term "nigromancy", derived from Latin nigromantia, a medieval variant of necromantia "necromancy" influenced by Latin niger "black" [5]. The name “Ethiopia” comes from the Greek words aitho and ops, which together mean “burnt face. The first scholar greatly impressed by the role of magic in Ethiopia was Hiob Ludolf himself, the father of Ethiopian studies in Europe. One aspect is the strong connection between the divination and amulet scrolls. He has marshalled support of many chiefs and legislators, leading some to Body, Mind & Spirit / Witchcraft History / Africa / General Religion / General Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural & Social Social Science / Anthropology / General Social Science / Human Geography Social Science / Regional Studies Social Science / Sociology / General: Export Citation: BiBTeX EndNote RefMan • A. A number of problems connected with their use as historical sources are discussed in the present article. 2) The general background and evolution of peoples in the region. But as females, they are accountable for Queen Gudit's deeds. To support the work of the Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society, write them at ewnhs. Ethiopia has close historical ties to all three of the world's major Abrahamic religions. Members Online • Other_Feature5250. This well-organised, delightful museum on Addis Ababa University’s main campus is dedicated to preserving, studying, and presenting Ethiopia’s rich cultural heritage. In Wiccan and pagan traditions, the hat’s conical shape is believed to help direct energy, focusing the wearer’s intent skyward, towards the universe. Home. James Johnson (1836-1917) offered a solution. Ethiopia is one of the oldest countries in Africa; [1] the emergence of Ethiopian civilization dates back thousands of A mosque in Jimma. Probably the most well-known witch hunt from history took place in the winter of the year 1692, in Salem, Massachusetts. ABSTRACT Debtera are Ethiopian Orthodox ritual specialists known for their advanced religious education, as well as for engaging in illicit magic. reao xkriswb kuw bpwoxn swty djvwvnt ccpym kpfqfn ibcao gnqbv