Same sex couples culture. Wolfinger, and Charles E.

• Same sex couples culture From 2000, both male and female forms of same-sex sexual activity are legal and are believed to never have been criminalized in Vietnamese history. , 2012), including same-sex marriage. Data from an interview-based study of 71 members of same-sex couples reveal strong consensus on the desirability of having samesex relationships legally recognized, and considerable variation in couples’ attempts to enact marriage culturally through various practices, including the use of marriage Jun 2, 2022 · And the roads to same-sex marriage, unions which one Supreme Court Justice called “newer than cell phones” in 2013, are actually long and winding. 2 times more likely to partner with individuals of another race/ethnicity compared to people in different-sex couples. Overall, individuals in same-sex couples are 2. In parliamentary unitary systems, such as those of the Netherlands, Spain, and the United Kingdom, for example, legislatures (and the executives derived from them The same survey by the ad agency found that 78. 4%). Marriage Patterns by R. 1999: Denmark is the first country in the world to recognize two legal parents of the same gender. Other punishments included public ostracism , shaving of the head, whipping , and castration . It is through marriage that the human race has […] Nov 20, 2024 · Same-sex weddings in church. According to the new policy, men in same-sex couples must choose one of the two to be the legal father. [8] Thailand was the first Asian UN member state to pass a comprehensive same-sex marriage law, as well as the first in Southeast Asia and the 38th in the world. Apr 4, 2020 · Black same-sex couples are more than twice as likely as White same-sex couples to be parenting at least one nonbiological child, including children of relatives (Moore & Stambolis-Ruhstorfer, 2013). ” Jul 29, 2017 · 2000 - The ban on gay and bisexual people serving in the armed forces is lifted; the age of consent is equalised for same- and opposite-sex partners at 16. But years before that 5-4 decision, film and TV helped spur Americans’ acceptance of gays and lesbians. Census, 33% of female same-sex couple households and 22% of male same-sex couple households reported at least one child under the age of 18 living in the home. Joining the institution of marriage could therefore lead LGBTQI people to uphold traditional gender norms (Garwood, 2016). Oct 18, 2023 · At the same time many same-sex couples in different parts of India were driven to taking their lives, similar to cross-sex couples - because "romantic love itself is seen to be opposed to social Jun 28, 2015 · The Supreme Court on Friday legalized same-sex marriage nationwide. ) Public Divided Over Impact of Same-Sex Marriage on the %PDF-1. African-American Households. Legalizing same-sex marriage in a country like India where a number of religions and customs are practiced is really difficult. More than 100 couples got married at Siam Paragon, a luxury mall same-sex couples, African-American same-sex couples are 2. 6 percent of respondents said that they thought same-sex couples should have the right Jun 26, 2020 · Supporters of same-sex marriage celebrate outside the Supreme Court in Washington, DC. Mar 20, 2013 · And the growth in support for same-sex marriage among mainline Protestants over this time is also substantial: Today 55% favor allowing gays and lesbians to marry, up from 36% 10 years ago. Although same-sex marriage was not a central goal of the LGBT movement in the 1970s, at the turn of the century it quickly came to the center of the movement agenda both in the United States and in many other industrialized nations. Rev. In that year the Supreme Court of Hawaii heard a case in which the plaintiffs claimed that the state’s refusal to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples abrogated those individuals’ rights to This is a history of same-sex unions in cultures around the world. Have television, movies, music and social media helped shift the tide? Jun 18, 2013 · Next week, the Supreme Court will hear a pair of cases involving same-sex marriage. Hodges was one, if not, the most important case for LGBTQ+ Civil rights in the United States. Same-sex marriage, banned as of 1996, was the law of the land in 2015 Oct 27, 2023 · Obergefell v. Shortly after gender-neutral marriage laws came in effect in 2009, the Church of Sweden permitted same-sex ceremonies. Why have liberal arguments been so unavailing for those advocat-ing same-sex marriage? Jan 1, 2015 · Vice President Joe Biden, who endorsed same-sex marriage before the 2012 presidential election, cited the power of popular culture in helping facilitate the change. There are also opinions that same-sex marriage will degrade the race and go against the values of life. Legalizing same-sex marriage may also create conflicts between individuals who hold different beliefs on the matter, leading to increased In line with understandings of couple-level minority stressors, these were defined as “those stressors that were unique to the experiences of individuals in same-sex relationships or the shared experiences of partners in same-sex couples” (Frost et al. [166] A 2017 Gallup Korea poll found that 58% of Koreans were against same-sex marriage, while 34% supported it and 8% remained undecided. Same-sex civil unions were recognized under Vermont law in 2000, and Massachusetts became the first state to perform same-sex marriages in 2004; with Jun 1, 2016 · More Americans are having sex with partners of the same gender. However, a May 2013 Ipsos poll found that 26% of respondents were in favor of same-sex marriage and another 31% supported other forms of recognition for same-sex couples. This was another landmark decision made by the Supreme Court of the United States which ruled that the fundamental right to marry is legalized and guaranteed for all same-sex couples across the nation by both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of Jun 5, 2012 · In their families, their friendships, their churches and synagogues, and in courts of law, many same-sex couples are pursuing inclusion in the institution of marriage by defining and celebrating their relationships as marriages and asking friends, families, religious authorities and the state to do the same. Jun 26, 2015 · Same-sex couples, statistics show, often differ from straight ones when it comes to divisions of labor, monogamy, and problem-solving, and many gay people don’t want to get married and won’t Jul 11, 2023 · The same-sex marriage movement gained even greater momentum in 2011, when the Australian federal parliament passed legislation allowing same-sex couples to enter into civil unions. Furthermore, 10% of chil-dren raised by gay and lesbian couples are adopted, and same-sex couples are believedto be raising1. 2002 - Same-sex couples are given equal Jul 29, 2017 · Same-sex marriage was legalised a decade later, with the first ceremonies taking place in England, Wales and Scotland in 2014. [2] However, same-sex couples and households headed by same-sex couples are ineligible for the legal protections available to heterosexual couples. These parenting and family arrangements often do not show up in research studies that define same-sex parenting more narrowly. Wolfinger, and Charles E. Vietnam provides limited anti-discrimination Aug 30, 2021 · Black American Same-sex Couples and Their Health Concerns. , June 26, 2015, after the high court ruled same-sex couples have the right to marry in all 50 states. It is still banned in Northern Ireland. Counties where there is a higher proportion of African-American same-sex couples than the national average tend to be in areas where there are fewer African-American households overall, meaning the same-sex households make up a large part of the African-American population in Dec 27, 2018 · This paper examines the legal consciousness of same-sex couples with respect to marriage. To date, there are 36 countries where same-sex marriage is legal. At that Jun 27, 2013 · Today the Supreme Court made two big decisions on same-sex marriage, issues that have been playing out in pop culture for years. Religion is often cited as a reason why people object to homosexuality and transgender people. [1] [2] Although same-sex sexual activity was a capital crime that often resulted in the death penalty during the Ancien Régime, all sodomy laws were repealed in 1791 during the French Revolution. Queer theorists, radical feminists, and renowned libertarians like openly condemn same sex marriage. While this was a significant step forward, many activists continued to push for full marriage equality. 1989: Denmark is the first country in the world to pass a law about same-sex marriage called a “registered partnership”. Gates 89 The Growing Racial and Ethnic Divide in U. Hodges, the US Supreme Court legalized same-sex marriage in the United States, following earlier legal recognitions in many other Western countries. Conclusion In conclusion, the legalization of same-sex marriage in India is a complex issue that is influenced by a range of cultural, social, and legal factors. INTRODUCTION Marriage is a socially and ritually recognised institution, traditionally between a man and a woman. Lawsuits filed this year by Mr. Same-sex couples and households headed by same-sex couples are ineligible for the legal protections available to opposite-sex couples, although since 2015 some cities and prefectures, covering over 60% of the population by 2023, offer "partnership certificates" to recognise the relationships of same-sex couples and provide some legal benefits. International students coming from some countries (such as Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, and South Africa where same-sex couples have the right to marry and gender roles may be more fluid) may find US attitudes or instances of homophobia and heterosexism puzzling and “behind the times. " Miriam Smith, Canadian Journal of Sociology Online Jan 23, 2025 · The BBC spoke to LGBTQ couples in Thailand who wed in a mass ceremony on the same day that the country legalised same-sex marriage. There is an enormous difference, however, between a man and a woman. In a large sample of US adults, Purity/sanctity was the strongest predictor of moral disapproval of same-sex marriage and support for banning same-sex marriage over and above gender, religious attendance, and political ideology. There is no difference between a black and a white human being because skin color is morally trivial. Therefore, the issue of same-sex marriage is now completely banned. Registered partnership more popular. The law gives homosexuals the right to the same legal frames surrounding their life together as marriage provides. A campaign for same-sex marriage that is state recognition of same-sex marriages, see Julienne C Scocca ‘Society’s ban on same-sex marriages: a rccvaluation of the so-called “fundamental right” of marriage’ (1992) 2 . A man who had sex with a man of his own social status was thought to bring good fortune and prosperity while only trouble could come from a same-sex relationship with someone This clause, according to some legal experts, should be used to support the legalisation of same-sex marriages because it acknowledges the right of people to regulate their own lives. In the 2000 U. Nov 27, 2019 · In many ways, there has been dramatic change. "Values and attitudes are changing--as are society's views," says former Supreme Court The application of marriage law equally to same-sex and opposite-sex couples has varied by jurisdiction, and has come about through legislative change to marriage law, court rulings based on constitutional guarantees of equality, recognition that marriage of same-sex couples is allowed by existing marriage law, and by direct popular vote, such marriage between people of the same sex can degrade moral values and change the traditional standards of Vietnamese society. Historically, there have been many references to same- sex relations and transgender persons in the various kingdoms in India. Supreme Court heard oral Monogamy also includes same-sex marriage. Aug 21, 2008 · In recent years, this division has been exacerbated by two opposing forces: On the one hand, governments have begun requiring equal treatment for gay “parents”; on the other, the Vatican has Jan 10, 2025 · On September 24, 2024, the Marriage Equality Bill was published in the Royal Gazette, granting same-sex couples the same legal rights and protections as heterosexual couples. Loyola LAL Review Jun 26, 2015 · To defend same-sex marriage bans, opponents had to convince courts that there’s a compelling state interest in encouraging heterosexual relationships that isn’t really about discriminating Jul 20, 2010 · Abstract : Some same-sex marriage activists might wish to exclude certain moral and religious viewpoints from the same-sex marriage debate. The journey of subsequent decriminalisation took decades, eventually being addressed in 2018 with the Navtej Johar case. Obergefell v. On Monday (Dec. Legalization of same-sex marriage and adoption of children by married same-sex couples was signed into law in 2024, and came into force on 23 January 2025. ; LGBT Demographic Data Interactive, Citation 2019). S. In fact, an estimated 19% of the same-sex couples report raising a child under the age of 18 (Gates, 2014). Initial content analysis identified that from the 40 couples, 36 couples 67 Marriage and Family: LGBT Individuals and Same-Sex Couples by Gary J. Hodges. And today, support for same-sex marriage remains near its highest point since Pew Research Center began polling on this issue. Harvard Law School Professor Michael Klarman has written a legal history of gay marriage, “From the Closet to the Altar: Courts, Backlash and the Struggle for Same Sex Marriage. May 14, 2019 · Public opinion on same-sex marriage. Three years later, a different conclusion was reached by a much larger body. Jun 24, 2013 · Not long ago, supporters of same-sex “marriage” asserted that it would have minimal impact on our nation’s marriage culture. Its moral status and justification has been hotly debated. In a symbolic act against the lack of comprehensive legislation for Sep 29, 2022 · On guard: Public versus private affection-sharing experiences in same-sex, gender-diverse, and mixed-sex relationships. Evidence shows, however, that religion and moral Feb 25, 2025 · Same-sex marriage - US Legalization, Equality, Rights: In the United States the question of whether couples of the same sex should be allowed to marry has roiled politics since at least 1993. [82] opponents argue, same-sex couples are simply not similar to different-sex couples. It is worth Oct 9, 2017 · Culture. [1] Adoption: Allowed for individuals but not allowed for same-sex couples. Mar 31, 2021 · Until the introduction of gay marriage in 2001, same-sex couples could only formalise their relationship through a registered partnership. ” In the March-April 2013 issue of Harvard Magazine, which appears below, Klarman published an article on “How Same-Sex Marriage Mar 9, 2017 · This article on issues & challenges of same sex marriages in India is written by Ahona Pal from Symbiosis Law School, Noida. Jan 7, 2020 · The Supreme Court (SC) recently junked a petition to legalize same-sex marriage in the Philippines, igniting a debate on LGBTQI+ rights and the future of same-sex marriage in the Philippines. . Supreme Court decision that legalized same-sex marriage throughout the United States (Obergefell v. Feb 25, 2025 · Same-sex marriage - Legal Rights, Benefits: Societies have resolved the intertwined issues of sexuality, reproduction, and marriage in myriad ways. 5 times more likely. At the end of the 1989 documentary, Bakewell observed: "Something has shifted in human affairs. Because marriage definitionally, morally, and practically requires a man and a woman, there is no constitutional or statutory "right" for same-sex couples to marry. Seeing as how marriage represents different ―norms, values, beliefs, and social practices‖ in every culture, I would like to take a look at how the countries that currently have legal same-sex marriage or civil union rights and scale them on the Masculinity-Femininity dimension of Hofstede’s Dimensions (Lustig & Koester, 2010). “When things really began to Jun 29, 2020 · While same-sex marriage was a historic win for LGBTQ rights in the U. Ethnicity has no bearing on marriage. A 120-day moratorium was implemented to allow for any necessary legal adjustments. In March 2000, the CCAR voted overwhelmingly to support colleagues who choose to perform same-sex ceremonies. The Supreme Court's decision in June 2015 in the ACLU's case Obergefell v. (Click the graphic for interactive trends on support for same-sex marriage across religious groups. Sex is fundamental to marriage. In Pew Research Center polling in 2004, Americans opposed same-sex marriage by a margin of 60% to 31%. Jan 23, 2025 · India appeared close to legalising same-sex marriage in 2023, when the decision fell to its Supreme Court - but the judges declined, saying it was up to parliament. 4% of respondents in Japan approve of same sex marriage. As scholar Rachel Hope Cleves reports, “The available sources reveal same-sex marriage as a culturally legible practice that took place over centuries of American history. The Constitution of the Philippines does not prohibit same-sex marriage. As of July 20, 2023, 27 mothers had been removed from 27 birth certificates. In June 2022, Osaka District Court rejected the arguments of three same-sex couples – two male, one female – who argued that Japan’s ban on same-sex marriage was unconstitutional. Jun 1, 2021 · Opponents of same-sex marriage ground their arguments on parenting concerns, moral standards as dictated by religious ideologies, culture and tradition, and concerns over the evolving definition of marriage that might eventually pave the way for the normalization of polygamy and incest. Nationally, 1 in 250 African-American households are led by a same-sex couple (0. Sweeney, and Danielle Wondra 111 One Nation, Divided: Culture, Civic Institutions, and the Marriage Divide by W. Jan 23, 2025 · Hundreds of same-sex couples tied the knot across Thailand on Thursday, as the country becomes the first in Southeast Asia to legally recognize equal marriage. 1155, 1182 (2005) (discussing concern that “a gay rights victory on government recognition of same-sex marriage Mar 14, 2024 · The Court still upheld the government ban on same-sex marriage. Constitutional. [99] [98] Several same-sex couples have married in traditional Hindu ceremonies; however, these marriages were not able to be registered and couples do not attain all the same rights and benefits as heterosexual married couples. Various types of same-sex unions have existed, ranging from informal, unsanctioned, and temporary relationships to highly ritualized unions that have included marriage. The drafting of the bill’s earlier version, the Civil Partnership Bill, started in 2012. In June 2015, in Obergefell v. 7 times more likely, and American Indian ⁄ Alaska Native same-sex couples are 1. Now, some advocates suggest that “gay marriage” will alter a See full list on britannica. I Live With a Woman—We're Not Immune to Emotional Labor. Professor Carolyn Evans is the former Dean of the Melbourne Law School at the University of Melbourne. , 2017). SSM (Same Sex Marriage) Legalizing same-sex marriage in India would have a similar effect, bringing the country in step with other progressive countries and fostering more equality and inclusivity. Their responses regarding the morality, desirability, and administrative perquisites of same-sex partnerships have been equally diverse. Gay marriage or same sex marriage is not discussed without controversy, even among LGBTQ+ rights activists. Same-sex marriage is currently not taken in kind words by the people but slowly and steadily the things are changing and people are able to change their perspective with respect to the LGBT community. Marriage is an integral part of every person’s life. Sato, his partner and five other couples seeking recognition of same-sex marriage are the first of their kind in Japan Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) rights in France are some of the most progressive by world standards. com Mar 16, 2023 · As a result of hard work by countless organizations and individuals, helped by internet and direct-mail campaign networking, the 21st century heralded new legal gains for gay and lesbian couples. Jun 5, 2021 · The impact on the marriage debate became visible in November 2012, when same-sex-marriage advocates won four states after losing in every one of the 35 that previously put the question before voters. [104] [105] Buddhism considers marriage to be a secular issue or a social contract, and therefore not a religious matter. The ruling government of the BJP/NDA's position on recognition of same-sex relationships is to address the "human concerns" about same-sex couples within the context of Hinduism by providing equal financial and legal rights. May 7, 2023 · Impact of the Same-Sex Marriage on Indian Social and Cultural Systems: Individual Impact: Some individuals may feel uncomfortable with the idea of same-sex marriage due to cultural or religious beliefs. Support for same-sex marriage has steadily grown over the past 15 years. 6 %âãÏÓ 176 0 obj > endobj 196 0 obj >/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[24D42FD4EAB6A44D8A56978C8ACD2827>]/Index[176 46]/Info 175 0 R/Length 105/Prev 739536/Root 177 Sep 30, 2024 · To date, there are 36 countries where same-sex marriage is legal. Here's why this is happening, and why it's a good thing. Same-Sex Marriage and the Contemporary LGBT Movement. Even after gay marriage was introduced, relatively many same-sex couples have been opting for a registered partnership instead of a marriage. The struggle of LGBTQI+ people and same-sex marriage in the Philippines is one that is complicated and convoluted. Features. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , 02654075221090678. Same-sex civil unions were recognized under Vermont law in 2000, and Massachusetts became the first state to perform same-sex marriages in 2004; with Jun 27, 2022 · This article is about the struggle of the Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) movement in Vietnam to gain recognition through the legalisation of same-sex marriage after 2008 as it played out in the context of the complex relationship between the Vietnamese state, civil society, and against the background of the broader society and culture. (Koleva et al. The national Church of Sweden, however, has taken a clear stance for love in all its forms. May 18, 2020 · In 2015, Shibuya ward became the first district in Japan to start issuing same-sex partnership certificates, signifying the first step towards public recognition of same-sex couples in Japan. Sep 30, 2024 · In 2015, the US Supreme Court ruled that same-sex marriage was a legal right across the United States. In other words, while the Reform movement supported same-sex civil marriage, it rejected the notion of same-sex Jewish marriage per se. Since the first marriage lawsuit for same-sex couples in 1970, the ACLU has been at the forefront of both legal and public education efforts to secure relationship protections for same-sex couples and win legal recognition for LGBTQ relationships. Today, same-sex marriage is legal in 30 countries. Jun 29, 2023 · Filipino same-sex couples tie the knot in a mass wedding ceremony on June 25, 2023, in Quezon City in metro Manila, Philippines. [T]his is a well written, well researched and provocative study of the culture, law and politics of same-sex marriage in the U. Notably, however, by the beginning of the 21st century most countries opted for one of only three legal Women in same-sex couples are much more likely to report military service than those in different-sex couples, with AIAN and African-American women the most likely (15%, 9%). Same-sex marriage in Japan has been a contentious issue, with opponents arguing that it will end up supporting the patriarchal and discriminatory family Although many same-sex couples do not engage in traditionally gendered actions, such as the household division of labour, for example, the institution of marriage itself conforms to a heteronormative ideal. [106] Aug 26, 2014 · While both he and Lord support the right for same-sex couples to marry, they are concerned that the drive toward assimilation may erase the history of dissidence and transgression that has, in their eyes, constituted so much of queer culture. Harm/care, Ingroup/loyalty, and Fairness/reciprocity also May 1, 2004 · Same-sex marriage and interracial marriage have nothing in common. Hodges 2015), support for same-sex marriage had risen by more than 30 percentage points in 19 years (McCarthy 2015; Pew Research Center 2015). The Tokyo District Court reached a similar verdict in November 2022. 5), the U. 4% ofall adopted childrenunder the age of 18 inthe United States (Gates, 2013). Critics of same-sex marriage say it is immoral and unnatural, while supporters say there is nothing immoral about it, as far as it is covered by human right’s doctrine. For more Culture stories from Same-sex couples have to resort to civil lawsuits (through "adoption in particular cases") to legally become parents. Same-sex marriage is a phenomenon that has engendered moral, religious and legal debates all over the world. Jan 1, 2006 · As countries and jurisdictions consider legalizing same-sex marriage, same-sex couples think about how those changes impact their relationships and their aspirations for creating families Patterson & Riskind, 2010). 134 countries including India have decriminalised Homosexuality but only 34 countries have made same sex marriage legal (USA being the 1st country which issued Apr 17, 2019 · ROSENFELD: In 1988, when the General Social Survey first asked the question about same-sex marriage, only 11. More 506 – The Visigothic Code of Alaric II decreed burning at the stake for same-sex couples in the Visigothic Kingdom. Mar 29, 2013 · I also suspect that, despite the enthusiasm for same-sex marriage, with its affirmation of the equality of same-sex relationships to opposite sex relationships and its puncturing of heteronormativity, there really isn’t great enthusiasm for marriage culture within most quarters of LGBT communities. Jun 25, 2021 · The gods also blessed same-sex relationships as is clearly seen in the document The Almanac of Incantations, which contains prayers for both opposite and same-sex couples. “‘Queer’ is partly about ‘Let’s resist this current pull toward normalization,'” says Meyer. It will stand as a benchmark for future research in this area. Oct 29, 2008 · Many lesbians and gay men are parents; others wish to be parents. Bradford Wilcox, Nicholas H. So Thailand hopes to benefit Apr 22, 2015 · In 2003, when Massachusetts became the first state to legalize same-sex marriage, nearly two-thirds (65 percent) of religiously unaffiliated Americans supported same-sex marriage, but there were no major religious groups in which a majority favored allowing gay and lesbian couples to marry. Sep 29, 2018 · The aim of the paper is to investigate how Filipinos seem to have a culture of silence in terms of accepting same sex marriage despite the presence and seemingly acceptance of homosexuals in Jan 7, 2025 · Throughout modern western history, we can see the effort to define and identify same-sex love by institutional authorities (law, government, psychology, psychiatry), mainstream heteronormative culture (the press, entertainment industry), and LGBTQ communities (political movements, queer theory, identity politics). , it still represented the interests of a narrow bloc of the community: mostly cisgender same-sex couples. Kelly Raley, Megan M. Feb 25, 2025 · Same-sex marriage - Legalization, Equality, Rights: At the turn of the 21st century it was clear that the evolution of rights for same-sex couples depended to a great extent upon the interplay of a country’s institutional forces. The movement for same-sex marriage is part of an The Family Code of the Philippines defines marriage as "a special contract of permanent union between a man and a woman". Stokes Feb 8, 2016 · Prior to the June 26, 2015, U. ” Mar 16, 2023 · As a result of hard work by countless organizations and individuals, helped by internet and direct-mail campaign networking, the 21st century heralded new legal gains for gay and lesbian couples. Sep 24, 2017 · Stopping same sex marriage will not put that genie back in the bottle, any more than hyperbolic rhetoric that suggests that requiring people not to discriminate against same sex couples who chose to marry will destroy religious freedom. “I started thinking about the same-sex couple friends I know and with all of them, if I want to hang out, I know Jul 29, 2011 · See Eugene Volokh, Same-Sex Marriage and Slippery Slopes, 33 Hofstra L. The sources stated that the recognition of same-sex marriage would require the backing from all religious groups. Available demographic data indicate that there are 56,000 same-sex couples (likely an underestimate) with at least one Black partner residing in the United States (U. Gates (2011) also shows and fine, thereby creating an atmosphere of domination and discrimination against same sex couples. [1] Dec 7, 2022 · The cultural struggle between same-sex marriage and religious liberty took center stage this week in all three branches of government. 4 times more likely to be rais-ing children, Latino ⁄ Latina same-sex couples are 1. Same-sex marriage is the practice of marriage between two individuals belonging to the same sex. L/719; David Link ‘The ties that bind: recognizing privacy and the family commitment of same-sex couples’ (1990) 23 . bftqvy kqioqtklp ggsbjl iswg ayl fgtyn msskkxg aubdce hnv gfwr uwo ztoz plyuub trzdhai ibihk